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This book covers preparation methods, characterization, and applications of most glass families. It reports the fundamentals of glass, challenges in the development, traditional and new manufacturing processes, characterization techniques, structural, thermal, and optical properties. The book reviews redox reactions in glasses and the factors affecting them, in addition to the techniques for determining the redox states and speciation of polyvalent ions in glass. A special chapter is dedicate to phosphate glasses, their importance, preparation methods, structure and properties. The use of different types of phosphate glasses in biomedicine, optics, electrochemistry, and as hosts for nuclear wastes is thoroughly discussed. Moreover, the applications of phosphate glasses in electronics and laser technology are also discussed in this book. Recent experimental studies such as the development of a novel bioglass system and the influence of ZnO, TiO2, and Al2O3 incorporation on structural, mechanical strength, degradation, pH variation, and formation of hydroxyapatite (Hap) layer on the glass surface are reported. Promising aluminum-silicate glassy system and its glass-ceramic counterpart are also presented in this books. An overview of the calorimetry approaches related to rare earth improvements on the thermal stability of glass is provided. The book discusses the advances in the chalcogenide glasses (ChGs) and based devices. It also reports their applications in optical devices, semiconductor circuits, and other applications. In addition, lanthanide and/or QDs doped luminescent glasses and their use in solid-state lighting and displays, security (anti-counterfeiting), optical temperature sensors, and solar energy (solar spectrum conversion) are reviewed along with a comparison of their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the nature of phthalocyanines as materials for glass coatings and most widely used synthesis methods of porphyrins and phthalocyanines are discussed.

Glass. --- Amorphous substances --- Ceramics --- Glazing --- Building materials. --- Structural Materials. --- Architectural materials --- Architecture --- Building --- Building supplies --- Buildings --- Construction materials --- Structural materials --- Materials

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The present book deals with the structural characterization of paperboard materials. The main focus is set on the development of an engineering model for paperboard laminates for use in design processes. Furthermore, the bi-axial limits are examined and related to those of the single paperboard sheet, in order to enable the estimation of laminate performance from the properties of the single paperboard sheet on. Finally a simple model for failure estimation during bi-axial loading is established which relies on simple material tests. Nihat Kiziltoprak, born in 1990 in Torbali, studied civil engineering at Technische Universität Darmstadt from 2010 to 2016. He specialized in structural engineering, mechanics and material modeling. From 2017 to 2022, he worked at the Institute of Structural Mechanics and Design at TU Darmstadt and participated in the subprojects Design+Joining Techniques and Structural Mechanics of the interdisciplinary LOEWE project "BAMP! - Building with Paper", among others. In July 2022, he defended his dissertation with the topic "On the Bi-Axial In-Plane Behavior of Laminated Paperboard Components in Construction: A Representative Engineering Model". Since then, Nihat Kiziltoprak has been working for Krebs+Kiefer in Darmstadt, mainly on projects related to "Hot Design - Load-bearing Structures under Fire Loads".

Building materials. --- Buildings—Design and construction. --- Buildings—Environmental engineering. --- Building Materials. --- Building Construction and Design. --- Building Physics, HVAC. --- Architectural materials --- Architecture --- Building --- Building supplies --- Buildings --- Construction materials --- Structural materials --- Materials --- Building materials --- Laminated materials --- Coating processes --- Composite materials --- Plates (Engineering)

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The knowledge of the real forces acting on a structure are of great importance in the condition assessment process of existing structures. In this sense, this work provides a novel approach for identification of dynamic moving forces acting on a bridge structure. It seeks to find the optimal time dependent force values that minimize the difference between the computed and measured displacement and acceleration time histories for a limited number of sensor locations. The work also presents extensive experimental investigations of the developed method on real structures in operation, which consistently show that it can be successfully used on a wide range of applications: from small structures excited by rather low pedestrian forces up to the "heavy category" of a complete train passing a railway bridge. In this context, a set of particularities and limitations arising in the practical application of the method on real structures are also discussed. Andrei Firus studied civil engineering at the University "Politehnica" Timisoara, Romania and at the HTWG Konstanz - University of Applied Sciences, Konstanz, Germany. Between 2015 and 2021, he completed his PhD in structural dynamics at the Institute of Structural Mechanics and Design (Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jens Schneider), Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany. In 2020, he co-founded iSEA Tec GmbH in Friedrichshafen, Germany. Since then, he has been managing director of the company, which is active in the fields of structural design of lightweight structures, structural dynamics as well as monitoring and condition assessment of existing structures.

Building materials. --- Buildings—Design and construction. --- Buildings—Environmental engineering. --- Building Materials. --- Building Construction and Design. --- Building Physics, HVAC. --- Architectural materials --- Architecture --- Building --- Building supplies --- Buildings --- Construction materials --- Structural materials --- Materials --- Bridges --- Design and construction. --- Live loads. --- Testing. --- Live loads --- Structural dynamics --- Bridge construction --- Vibration --- Construction --- Design

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This book presents buildings developed using modular assembly approaches based on lightweight and corrosion-resistant fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. Construction methods and the choice of building materials offer great opportunities for more productive and environmentally friendly solutions. This book includes valuable experimental data on large-scale structural components (beams, slabs, amd columns), connections (shear connections, wall stud connections, beam-column connections, column-column connections) and structures (composite floor system, structural sandwich assemblies, and full-scale structural demonstrations), supported with detailed numerical modelling and analytical methods. Largely drawing on the editor’s research over the past ten years with inputs from a number of Ph.D. students, this timely book presents the latest developments in the field. It includes well-designed figures and photographs, analytical formulations supported by data and text, as well as descriptions to i) introduce a series of innovative structural components and connections and their assemblies and ii) illustrate their performance compared to existing solutions and criteria. This book is intended for researchers, graduate students and engineers in fields of the construction and composites industries. .

Building materials. --- Buildings—Design and construction. --- Civil engineering. --- Building Materials. --- Building Construction and Design. --- Civil Engineering. --- Structural Materials. --- Engineering --- Public works --- Architectural materials --- Architecture --- Building --- Building supplies --- Buildings --- Construction materials --- Structural materials --- Materials --- Composite materials. --- Modular construction. --- Construction, Modular --- Modular building --- Modular structures --- Structures, Modular --- Buildings, Prefabricated --- Industrialized building --- Modular coordination (Architecture) --- Unit construction --- Composites (Materials) --- Multiphase materials --- Reinforced solids --- Solids, Reinforced --- Two phase materials

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Textiles and Clothing are key sectors and apparel is one of the necessities of human life. Environmental brunt of the textile sector and cradle to grave life cycle impacts of textiles and clothing products are a subject of constant investigation. There have been a lot of advancements in the textile sector in terms of materials such as textile fibres, yarns, fabrics, garments and also in terms of processes. All these innovations demand an environmental profile as well. Life Cycle Assessment is one of the widely used and popular scientific tools which has been utilized to measure the environmental footprints of various products and processes. This volume presents recent advances on LCA in the textiles and clothing sector.

Sustainability. --- Building materials. --- Agricultural biotechnology. --- Environment. --- Wood, fabric, and textiles. --- Agricultural Biotechnology. --- Environmental Sciences. --- Sustainability science --- Human ecology --- Social ecology --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Agro-biotechnology --- Biotechnology --- Architectural materials --- Architecture --- Building --- Building supplies --- Buildings --- Construction materials --- Structural materials --- Materials --- Ecology --- Product life cycle --- Textile fabrics. --- Textile industry. --- Environmental aspects. --- Textile industry and fabrics --- Textiles industry --- Manufacturing industries --- Cloth --- Fabrics --- Textiles --- Decorative arts --- Dry-goods --- Weaving --- Textile fibers